《Tkinter参考手册》(An-Introduction-to-Tkinter)[PDF]
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电驴资源简介
| 资源介绍 |
| 语言: 英文 |
| 地区: 美国 |
| 图书fenlei: 软件 |
| 中文名: Tkinter参考手册 |
| 发行时间: 1999年12月01日 |
| 原名: An-Introduction-to-Tkinter |
| 资源格式: PDF |
简介:  Python图形界面，Tkinter官方简介 |
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目录: Preface ....................................................................................................................i I. Introducing Tkinter ............................................................................................2 1. What's Tkinter?......................................................................................................................1 2. Hello, Tkinter ....................................................................................................................... 2 Running the Example ..................................................................................................... 2 Details .............................................................................................................................. 2 3. Hello, Again.......................................................................................................................... 4 Running the Example ..................................................................................................... 4 Details .............................................................................................................................. 5 More on widget references ............................................................................................. 6 More on widget names.................................................................................................... 6 4. Tkinter Classes .....................................................................................................................8 Widget classes .................................................................................................................8 Mixins .............................................................................................................................. 9 Implementation mixins ......................................................................................... 9 Geometry mixins .................................................................................................... 9 Widget configuration management ...................................................................... 9 5. Widget Configuration..........................................................................................................11 Configuration Interface .................................................................................................11 Backwards Compatibility...............................................................................................12 6. Widget Styling .....................................................................................................................13 Colors ..............................................................................................................................13 Color Names ..........................................................................................................13 RGB Specifications................................................................................................13 Fonts .............................................................................................................................. 14 Font descriptors ................................................................................................... 14 Font names ............................................................................................................15 System fonts ......................................................................................................... 16 X Font Descriptors............................................................................................... 16 Text Formatting .............................................................................................................17 Borders ...........................................................................................................................17 Relief ......................................................................................................................17 Focus Highlights .................................................................................................. 18 Cursors........................................................................................................................... 18 7. Events and Bindings........................................................................................................... 19 Events ............................................................................................................................ 19 The Event Object...................................................................................................21 Instance and Class Bindings.................................................................................21 Protocols............................................................................................................... 23 Other Protocols ....................................................................................................24 8. Application Windows.........................................................................................................25 Base Windows ............................................................................................................... 25 Menus ............................................................................................................................ 25 Toolbars .........................................................................................................................26 Status Bars..................................................................................................................... 27 9. Dialog Windows .................................................................................................................29 Grid Layouts ..................................................................................................................34 Validating Data..............................................................................................................36 II. Tkinter Reference............................................................................................37 10. The BitmapImage Class ...................................................................................................38 When to use the BitmapImage Class ...........................................................................38 Patterns..........................................................................................................................38 Methods .........................................................................................................................38 Options ..........................................................................................................................38 11. The Button Widget............................................................................................................40 When to use the Button Widget ...................................................................................40 Patterns..........................................................................................................................40 Methods ......................................................................................................................... 41 Helpers........................................................................................................................... 41 Options .......................................................................................................................... 41 12. The Canvas Widget ...........................................................................................................44 When to use the Canvas Widget...................................................................................44 Concepts ........................................................................................................................44 Items.....................................................................................................................44 Coordinate Systems ............................................................................................. 45 Item Specifiers .....................................................................................................45 Printing.................................................................................................................46 Patterns..........................................................................................................................46 Methods .........................................................................................................................46 Printing.................................................................................................................48 Searching for Items..............................................................................................49 Manipulating Tags ...............................................................................................50 Special Methods for Text Items............................................................................51 Scrolling.................................................................................................................51 Options .......................................................................................................................... 52 13. The Canvas Arc Item........................................................................................................54 Methods ......................................................................................................................... 54 Options .......................................................................................................................... 55 14. The Canvas Bitmap Item.................................................................................................. 57 Bitmaps.......................................................................................................................... 57 Methods .........................................................................................................................58 Options ..........................................................................................................................58 15. The Canvas Image Item.................................................................................................... 59 Methods ......................................................................................................................... 59 coords ................................................................................................................... 59 itemconfigure .......................................................................................................59 Options .......................................................................................................................... 59 16. The Canvas Line Item....................................................................................................... 61 Methods ......................................................................................................................... 61 Options .......................................................................................................................... 61 17. The Canvas Oval Item.......................................................................................................63 Methods .........................................................................................................................63 Options ..........................................................................................................................63 18. The Canvas Polygon Item ................................................................................................64 Methods .........................................................................................................................64 Options ..........................................................................................................................64 19. The Canvas Rectangle Item..............................................................................................66 Methods .........................................................................................................................66 Options ..........................................................................................................................66 20. The Canvas Text Item...................................................................................................... 67 Methods ......................................................................................................................... 67 Options .......................................................................................................................... 67 21. The Canvas Window Item................................................................................................69 Methods .........................................................................................................................69 Options ..........................................................................................................................69 22. The Checkbutton Widget ................................................................................................. 70 When to use the Checkbutton Widget .........................................................................70 Patterns.......................................................................................................................... 70 Methods ..........................................................................................................................71 Options ...........................................................................................................................71 23. The DoubleVar Class........................................................................................................ 75 When to use the DoubleVar Class ................................................................................ 75 Patterns.......................................................................................................................... 75 Methods ......................................................................................................................... 75 24. The Entry Widget ............................................................................................................. 76 When to use the Entry Widget ..................................................................................... 76 Concepts ........................................................................................................................ 76 Indexes.................................................................................................................. 76 Patterns.......................................................................................................................... 76 Methods ......................................................................................................................... 77 Selection Methods................................................................................................ 77 Scrolling Methods ................................................................................................ 78 Options .......................................................................................................................... 78 25. The Font Class ..................................................................................................................80 Patterns..........................................................................................................................80 Methods .........................................................................................................................80 Functions .......................................................................................................................80 Options .......................................................................................................................... 81 26. The Frame Widget ...........................................................................................................82 When to use the Frame Widget ....................................................................................82 Patterns..........................................................................................................................82 Methods .........................................................................................................................82 Options ..........................................................................................................................82 27. The Grid Geometry Manager...........................................................................................84 When to use the Grid Manager ....................................................................................84 Patterns..........................................................................................................................84 Methods .........................................................................................................................86 Widget Methods ...................................................................................................86 Manager Methods ................................................................................................87 Options .......................................................................................................................... 87 28. The IntVar Class...............................................................................................................89 When to use the IntVar Class .......................................................................................89 Patterns..........................................................................................................................89 Methods .........................................................................................................................89 29. The Label Widget .............................................................................................................90 When to use the Label Widget......................................................................................90 Patterns..........................................................................................................................90 Methods ......................................................................................................................... 91 Options .......................................................................................................................... 91 30. The Listbox Widget..........................................................................................................93 When to use the Listbox Widget ..................................................................................93 Patterns..........................................................................................................................93 Methods .........................................................................................................................96 Selection Methods................................................................................................ 97 Scrolling Methods ................................................................................................ 97 Options ..........................................................................................................................98 31. The Menu Widget ........................................................................................................... 100 When to use the Menu Widget ...................................................................................100 Patterns........................................................................................................................100 Methods ....................................................................................................................... 102 Displaying Menus .............................................................................................. 104 Options ........................................................................................................................104 32. The Menubutton Widget ............................................................................................... 107 When to use the Menubutton Widget........................................................................ 107 Patterns........................................................................................................................ 107 Methods ....................................................................................................................... 107 Options ........................................................................................................................ 107 33. The Message Widget ...................................................................................................... 108 When to use the Message Widget............................................................................... 108 Patterns........................................................................................................................ 108 Methods ....................................................................................................................... 108 Options ........................................................................................................................108 34. The Pack Geometry Manager .........................................................................................110 When to use the Pack Manager ...................................................................................110 Patterns.........................................................................................................................110 Methods ........................................................................................................................110 Widget Methods ..................................................................................................110 Manager Methods ...............................................................................................110 Options ......................................................................................................................... 111 35. The PhotoImage Class.....................................................................................................112 When to use the PhotoImage Class.............................................................................112 Patterns.........................................................................................................................112 Methods ........................................................................................................................112 Options .........................................................................................................................113 36. The Place Geometry Manager ........................................................................................115 When to use the Place Manager .................................................................................. 115 Patterns......................................................................................................................... 115 Methods ........................................................................................................................116 Options ......................................................................................................................... 117 37. The Radiobutton Widget.................................................................................................118 When to use the Radiobutton Widget.........................................................................118 Patterns.........................................................................................................................118 Methods ........................................................................................................................119 Options ........................................................................................................................ 120 38. The Scale Widget............................................................................................................ 123 When to use the Scale Widget .................................................................................... 123 Patterns........................................................................................................................ 123 Methods ....................................................................................................................... 123 Options ........................................................................................................................ 123 39. The Scrollbar Widget ......................................................................................................125 When to use the Scrollbar Widget...............................................................................125 Patterns.........................................................................................................................125 Methods ....................................................................................................................... 126 Options ........................................................................................................................ 126 40. The StringVar Class ....................................................................................................... 129 When to use the StringVar Class ................................................................................ 129 Patterns........................................................................................................................ 129 Methods ....................................................................................................................... 129 41. The Text Widget ............................................................................................................. 130 When to use the Text Widget ..................................................................................... 130 Concepts ...................................................................................................................... 130 Indexes................................................................................................................ 130 Lines and columns .....................................................................................131 Line endings ...............................................................................................131 Named indexes...........................................................................................131 Coordinates ............................................................................................... 132 Embedded objects..................................................................................... 132 Expressions ............................................................................................... 132 Marks .................................................................................................................. 132 Tags..................................................................................................................... 133 Patterns.........................................................................................................................135 Methods ........................................................................................................................137 Methods for Marks............................................................................................. 138 Methods for Embedded Windows..................................................................... 139 Methods for Embedded Images ........................................................................ 140 image_create............................................................................................. 140 index ...........................................................................................................141 delete ..........................................................................................................141 image_cget .................................................................................................141 image_config..............................................................................................141 image_names .............................................................................................141 Methods for Tags ................................................................................................141 tag_add...................................................................................................... 142 tag_remove................................................................................................ 142 tag_delete .................................................................................................. 142 tag_config.................................................................................................. 142 tag_cget ..................................................................................................... 142 tag_bind .................................................................................................... 142 tag_unbind................................................................................................ 142 tag_names ................................................................................................. 142 tag_nextrange ........................................................................................... 143 tag_prevrange ........................................................................................... 143 tag_lower................................................................................................... 143 tag_raise.................................................................................................... 143 tag_ranges ................................................................................................. 143 Methods for Selections ...................................................................................... 143 Methods for Rendering...................................................................................... 144 bbox ........................................................................................................... 144 dlineinfo..................................................................................................... 144 Methods for Printing.......................................................................................... 144 Methods for Searching....................................................................................... 144 search......................................................................................................... 144 Methods for Scrolling ........................................................................................ 145 scan_mark, scan_dragto .......................................................................... 145 xview, yview............................................................................................... 145 xview, yview............................................................................................... 145 xview, yview............................................................................................... 145 yview_pickplace........................................................................................ 146 Options ........................................................................................................................ 146 42. The Toplevel Widget ...................................................................................................... 149 When to use the Toplevel Widget............................................................................... 149 Methods ....................................................................................................................... 149 Options ........................................................................................................................ 149 43. Basic Widget Methods ....................................................................................................151 Configuration ...............................................................................................................151 config ...................................................................................................................151 config ...................................................................................................................151 cget.......................................................................................................................151 keys ......................................................................................................................151 Event processing ..........................................................................................................152 mainloop..............................................................................................................152 quit .......................................................................................................................152 update ..................................................................................................................152 update_idletasks .................................................................................................152 focus_set..............................................................................................................152 focus_displayof ...................................................................................................152 focus_force ..........................................................................................................152 focus_get .............................................................................................................152 focus_lastfor........................................................................................................152 tk_focusNext .......................................................................................................153 tk_focusPrev........................................................................................................153 grab_current .......................................................................................................153 grab_release ........................................................................................................153 grab_set ...............................................................................................................153 grab_set_global ..................................................................................................153 grab_status..........................................................................................................153 wait_variable.......................................................................................................153 wait_visibility......................................................................................................153 wait_window...................................................................................................... 154 Event callbacks ............................................................................................................ 154 bind..................................................................................................................... 154 unbind................................................................................................................. 154 bind_all .............................................................................................................. 154 unbind_all .......................................................................................................... 154 bind_class........................................................................................................... 154 unbind_class ...................................................................................................... 154 bindtags ...............................................................................................................155 bindtags ...............................................................................................................155 Alarm handlers and other non-event callbacks..........................................................155 after......................................................................................................................155 after_cancel .........................................................................................................155 after......................................................................................................................155 after_idle .............................................................................................................155 Window management ................................................................................................. 156 lift ........................................................................................................................ 156 lower ................................................................................................................... 156 Window Related Information..................................................................................... 156 winfo_cells ......................................................................................................... 156 winfo_children................................................................................................... 156 winfo_class......................................................................................................... 156 winfo_colormapfull ........................................................................................... 156 winfo_containing............................................................................................... 156 winfo_depth ........................................................................................................157 winfo_exists ........................................................................................................157 winfo_pixels ........................................................................................................157 winfo_geometry ..................................................................................................157 winfo_width, winfo_height................................................................................157 winfo_id...............................................................................................................157 winfo_ismapped .................................................................................................157 winfo_manager ...................................................................................................157 winfo_name ....................................................................................................... 158 winfo_parent...................................................................................................... 158 winfo_pathname................................................................................................ 158 winfo_reqheight, winfo_reqwidth.................................................................... 158 winfo_rootx, winfo_rooty ................................................................................. 158 winfo_screen...................................................................................................... 158 winfo_screencells............................................................................................... 158 winfo_screendepth ............................................................................................ 158 winfo_screenwidth, winfo_screenheight ......................................................... 159 winfo_screenmmwidth, winfo_screenmmheight ............................................ 159 winfo_screenvisual ............................................................................................ 159 winfo_toplevel.................................................................................................... 159 winfo_visual ....................................................................................................... 159 winfo_x, winfo_y ............................................................................................... 159 Miscellaneous .............................................................................................................. 159 bell....................................................................................................................... 159 clipboard_append.............................................................................................. 159 clipboard_clear .................................................................................................. 159 selection_clear ................................................................................................... 160 selection_get ...................................................................................................... 160 selection_handle ................................................................................................ 160 selection_own .................................................................................................... 160 selection_own_get............................................................................................. 160 tk_focusFollowsMouse...................................................................................... 160 tk_strictMotif ..................................................................................................... 160 winfo_rgb ........................................................................................................... 160 Tkinter Interface Methods.......................................................................................... 160 getboolean .......................................................................................................... 160 getdouble ............................................................................................................ 160 getint ....................................................................................................................161 register .................................................................................................................161 winfo_atom.........................................................................................................161 winfo_atomname................................................................................................161 Option Database...........................................................................................................161 option_add ..........................................................................................................161 option_clear ........................................................................................................161 option_get ...........................................................................................................161 option_readfile....................................................................................................161 44. Toplevel Window Methods............................................................................................ 162 Visibility Methods ....................................................................................................... 162 deiconify ............................................................................................................. 162 iconify ................................................................................................................. 162 withdraw............................................................................................................. 162 state..................................................................................................................... 162 Style Methods .............................................................................................................. 162 title ...................................................................................................................... 162 group................................................................................................................... 162 transient.............................................................................................................. 163 overrideredirect.................................................................................................. 163 Window Geometry Methods....................................................................................... 163 geometry ............................................................................................................. 163 geometry ............................................................................................................. 163 aspect .................................................................................................................. 163 maxsize ............................................................................................................... 163 minsize................................................................................................................ 163 resizable.............................................................................................................. 163 Icon Methods............................................................................................................... 164 iconbitmap.......................................................................................................... 164 iconmask............................................................................................................. 164 iconname ............................................................................................................ 164 iconposition........................................................................................................ 164 iconwindow ........................................................................................................ 164 Property Access Methods ........................................................................................... 164 client ................................................................................................................... 164 colormapwindows .............................................................................................. 164 command............................................................................................................ 164 focusmodel ......................................................................................................... 165 frame................................................................................................................... 165 positionfrom....................................................................................................... 165 protocol............................................................................................................... 165 sizefrom.............................................................................................................. 165 Index .................................................................................................................. 166 |