目录: DOCUMENTS xvii MAPS xix CHRONOLOGIES xxi PREFACE xxii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxvi INTRODUCTION TO STUDENTS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION xxx 1 THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST: THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS 1 2 THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST: PEOPLES AND EMPIRES 34 3 THE CIVILIZATION OF THE GREEKS 55 4 THE HELLENISTIC WORLD 89 5 THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 113 6 THE ROMAN EMPIRE 147 7 LATE ANTIQUITY AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE MEDIEVAL WORLD 179 8 EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES, 750–1000 213 9 THE RECOVERY AND GROWTH OF EUROPEAN SOCIETY IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES 243 10 THE RISE OF KINGDOMS AND THE GROWTH OF CHURCH POWER 271 11 THE LATER MIDDLE AGES: CRISIS AND DISINTEGRATION IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY 303 12 RECOVERY AND REBIRTH: THE AGE OF THE RENAISSANCE 337 13 REFORMATION AND RELIGIOUS WARFARE IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 373 14 EUROPE AND THE WORLD: NEW ENCOUNTERS, 1500–1800 410 15 STATE BUILDING AND THE SEARCH FOR ORDER IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 443 16 TOWARD A NEW HEAVEN AND A NEW EARTH: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN SCIENCE 483