《认识你的敌人：日本》(Know Your Enemy：Japan)
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| [认识你的敌人：日本].Know.Your.Enemy.Japan.flv | 121.94 MB |
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电驴资源简介
| 资源介绍 |
| 发行时间: 1945年 |
| 英文名: Know Your Enemy：Japan |
| 文字语言: 英文,日文 |
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简介: 内容简介： 【中文片名】：《认识你的敌人：日本》 【英文片名】：Know Your Enemy: Japan 【导 演】：Frank Capra Joris Ivens 【编 剧】：Frank Capra Carl Foreman John Huston Edgar Peterson 【解 说】：Walter Huston Dana Andrews 【音 乐】：George C. Emick Dimitri Tiomkin 【编 辑】：Major Aaxton Frank Bracht Elmo Williams Helen van Dongen 【国 家】：美国 【出 品】：美国战争部(U.S. War Department) 【年 代】：1945年 【类 型】：纪录片/历史、军事、战争 【色 彩】：黑白 【格 式】：FLV 【大 小】：312MB 【时 长】：01:03:13 【语 言】：英语 【字 幕】：无 【分 辨 率】：540×360 【视频编码】：FLV1 【帧 速 率】：未知 【比 特 率】：未知 【音频编码】：MP3 【声 道 数】：2 【采 样 率】：44.00kHz 【码 率】：64kbps ★内容简介（维基官网英语） Know Your Enemy: Japan is an American propaganda film directed by Frank Capra, produced by the U.S. War Department, and released in 1945. The original intention of the film was to prepare U.S. soldiers for war before deployment in the Pacific, though ultimately it never realized this purpose due to the war’s abrupt end soon after its release. ★相关背景（维基官网英语，个人的英语能力比较糟糕，期待英语成绩优秀的同学能完成精译^-^） When the U.S. entered World War II, Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall made an official request of director Frank Capra for the production of a series of documentary films to be released to the general public and to be used for the orientation of American soldiers before and during deployment. Commissioned as a major and placed in charge of the 834th Photo Signal Detachment, Capra produced the film series “Why We Fight,” as well as other films, including Two Down and One to Go and Know Your Enemy: Japan. Production on Know Your Enemy: Japan began in 1942, and was troubled from the very beginning by the inability of the U.S. government to determine what exactly the foreign policy towards Japan should be. Frank Capra hired Joris Ivens to supervise the documentary in early 1943, but after Ivens delivered a 20-minute preview, Frank Capra told Ivens that the U.S. Army not only disapproved of the approach Ivens had taken towards portraying the Japanese, but that they also had requested that he leave the production team. Ivens’ approach had been to treat the Japanese as open-minded people being directed by a dictator, vilifying Emperor Hirohito. Allen Rivkin, one of the writers working on the script, commented that a large setback for the film’s production was the realization that “we couldn’t call Hirohito a war criminal because we knew we had to deal with him later…and it threw us into a tailspin. That’s why it took so long.” The scriptwriters ultimately felt a lack of direction coming from Frank Capra, aside from the knowledge that Capra was steering the film in a decidedly racist direction. Although the writers did not realize this, Capra’s racist depictions in the film came at the request of the producers. In January 1945, the film underwent a series of final revisions to remedy an issue pointed out by the Pentagon: the film had “too much sympathy for the Jap people.” The film was released in its final form in 1945. The film itself was a compilation of footage obtained from newsreels, the UN, enemy film, and fictional Japanese movies for historical background, and re-enactments supervised by the war department. This footage was narrated by Walter Huston and Dana Andrews. "The hour-long film sought to educate American soldiers about their adversary's history and society, particularly the course up to the Pacific War, and the totalitarian nature of the Japanese state. Today, it’s used to show the influence of images and sound over narration, and the portrayal of the Japanese people during World War II." The film’s main focus is on introducing the history and customs of the Japanese to the American fighting force. Throughout the film, a great deal of effort is put into juxtaposing the ancient customs with the modern aspects of Japan. This effect creates the feeling of a strange people with overtones of normality. The film begins by discussing the soldiers of the Japanese army. This section focuses mainly on the appearance and diet of the soldier, much more than tactics and strategy. The film comments on the soldiers of the Japanese army as being, “as alike as photographic prints off the same negative.” Know Your Enemy then discusses Emperor Hirohito as how the Japanese supposedly see him saying "entrust to one man the powers of the President of the United States, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, the Premier of Soviet Russia; add to them the powers of the Pope, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church and top it all with the divine authority of our own Son of God and you will begin to understand what Hirohito means to the Japanese." After going over Hirohito's divinity and that this divinity is shared by Japanese people as a whole the film then goes into Japanese religion, Shinto saying it had been a "quaint religion for a quaint people" until 1870 when a mad fanatical conquer the world doctrine based on first Emperor Jimmu's commandment of "let us extend the capital and cover the eight corners of the world under one roof" was woven into it and called Hakko Ichiu. After saying repeatedly if you are Japanese you believe these things the film then shifts gears slightly with the question "But if you're not Japanese then what is the real Japan; the Japan of the geographer, anthropologist, and historian?" After a brief geography lesson the idea of the Japanese pure divine blood is ripped to shreds with them called a plasma cocktail and then begins the history section. Here the emperor is portrayed as having little political power with the real power being in the hands of daimyos and their armies of Samurai. The Samurai are vilified along with their code of Bushido saying it "not only sanctioned double dealing and treachery but looked as it as an art to be cultivated." Then the arrival of Christianity and the warlords reaction to its teachings of peace and equality by throwing out the West and totally isolating Japan for 200 years is used to further vilify them. The film then compares the advances the West made in technology and the concept of liberty while Japan remained isolated until Commodore Perry's forced opening of it in 1853. The Westernization of Japan is discussed but always in the context of how the warlords were using it to further their own ambitions. The elimination of the position of Shogun and the elevation of the previously powerless Emperor as a rallying point in 1868 with the warlords "reserving for themselves and themselves alone the right to speak for him and guide his policies" giving an impression of Hirohito as an effectively powerless figurehead. The power of the warlords continues to emphasized for the rest of the film saying that they never took the moral or ethical principals that went with the ideas they borrowed and that all information is filtered down to the Japanese people having been first approved and altered to suit the purposes of the warlords. This is emphasized by how despite is modernization most of the Japanese people still lived and worked in ways effectively unchanged since the 17th century and that even the white-collar Japanese lived like his ancestors did in the Middle Ages once he got home. The warlord's control over the Japanese people is used to explain the current expansionist and warlike actions of the Japanese and ends with the circumstances of 1945 Japan. The film’s main purpose was to keep the fighting spirit alive in the United States and to spur on the final push against the Japanese. However, the film’s release date turned out to utterly destroy its value. Released on August 9, 1945, Know Your Enemy: Japan came out three days after the bombing of Hiroshima and on the same day as the bombing of Nagasaki, which ultimately ended the conflict between the U.S. and Japan. General McArthur made the decision to withhold the film from the troops and recommended that it not see public release. The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were a turning point for American foreign policy in the Pacific, and when policy switched from war to negotiation, a movie persuading the American people to continue fighting became undesirable. The film’s first public screening was in 1977 as part of a PBS special. ★相关简介（中文其他） 美国人在1945年制作的纪录片，其目的是让美国国会，行政决策者和美军了解自己的对手——日本人。 该片介绍了日本的历史，文化，经济和宗教，从日本建国起，到幕府统治，权利收归天皇，变革，全民进行战争准备，最后战败。该纪录片包括了大量的当时日本国内社会的珍贵历史纪录，阐述了日本为何会迅速成为一架精密运转的“战争机器”，日本人为何最终变成"blood thirsty(嗜血如命)"，非常具有说服力。然而，由于战争迅速结束 ，本片因此从未公演。60年后的现在，终于可以公开播放了。 美国人对日本人的观察可以说是非常仔细的，他们总结出的日本人的特点包括： 1. 多灾多难的环境，使得他们没有安全感，因此必须从外界获得所有资源，包括使用武力； 2. 从日本建国开始，长达600余年的历史大部分时间都是在进行战争，使得整个民族崇尚暴力； 3. 天皇掌控权利后，进行愚民教育，使得日本人深信天皇是全世界的救世主； 4. 日本人武斗不讲究西方式的公平决斗，而是推崇先发制人，用埋伏，背后袭击来达致目的。日本历史上几乎所有的反战的主张和平的人士都是死于好战派的偷袭暗杀 -从来没有公开辩论，也没有公开审判。他们把这种卑劣做法也用到了同中国，美国，俄罗斯，东南亚以及其他被侵略的国家的战争中；每一次战争，都是从日本人偷袭开始； 5. 战争准备期，日本人制造假冒伪劣产品充斥全世界，用换来得外汇秘密进行战争准备；派出大量间谍伪装成渔夫，理发师，生意人...获得目标国家的信息；所有妇女肩负双重责任： 一是包揽所有事物，从白领工作到插秧种地，从军工生产到家务； 二是努力生孩子，为日军补充兵员；男人从小就进行愚民教育，当兵成为每个人的梦想，为天皇战死是最高荣誉；日本人省吃俭用，节衣缩食，一切为军队服务（美国人在片中未提及，其实日本妇女还有自愿组成的慰安妇为军队服务）...这些使得日本一战后短时间内再次具备相当惊人的战争能力，而西方国家还蒙在鼓里。 ★发布说明（个人搜集、整理、编译） 很多人都知道，美国战争部于第二次世界大战期间制作了一部7集系列纪录片《我们为何而战》(Why We Fight)： 1.Prelude to War（战争序幕） 2.The Nazis Strike（纳粹壮大） 3.Divide And Conquer（分化和征服） 4.Battle of Britain（英国战争） 5.The Battle Of Russia I、II（苏联卫国战I、II） 6.The Battle Of China（中国抗战） 7.War Comes To America（美国参战） 但是对于《Know Your Enemy: Japan》（认识你的敌人：日本）这部纪录片，可能却知道甚少。 其实，《Know Your Enemy: Japan》（认识你的敌人：日本）也是该系列纪录片之一，而且是系列中最早制作的一部。然而由于鲜为人知的原因，该影片60多年来从未公映过（而以上7集则一直是公开发行放映）。这部纪录片的第一次公开放映是在1977年，当时只是有部分内容作为PBS特别节目的一个组成部分出现在公众视野。 1943年初，导演Frank Capra（弗兰克•卡普拉）接到美国战争部交给的拍片任务后，特意聘请Joris Ivens（尤里斯•伊文思，中国人熟知的著名纪录片《四万万人民》导演）担任《Know Your Enemy: Japan》的监制。由于Joris Ivens改变了将日本天皇裕仁描绘成一位开明人，而将其导演成一个独裁者，在美国军方看来，是丑化了裕仁天皇。 1945年1月，在对影片进行了一系列的修改编辑后，美国五角大楼指出：这部影片包含“太多对日本人同情的内容”。这也是该影片在1945年发布的最终版本。 然而不巧的是，最后正式公开发布《Know Your Enemy: Japan》，却是在美军分别向广岛和长崎投放了两颗原子弹之后的1945年8月9日。 广岛和长崎的核爆对于美国外交政策来说，是一个转折点；而在太平洋，当政策由战争转向了谈判，如果再通过影片来激励美国人继续战斗，将变得毫无意义。 于是，时任太平洋战区盟军司令和之后驻日盟军最高司令的麦克阿瑟作出决定：禁止该影片进入美军部队，同时提议不要将该影片公开发行放映。 当然，后来的事实也证明：对于美国来说，麦克阿瑟的当年的决断是精明和正确的。因为世人皆知：美国采用“抚慰”方式，以日本为跳板，建立和发展了自己在东亚的军事根基，妄图影响、遏制东亚地区，以达到其称霸世界的野心目的。尽管并不是这部影片改变了美国和日本的关系，但作为政治家和军事家来说，有时候也不能忽视一部影片可能产生的威力。 60多年后的今天，尽管该影片早已解禁，然而想要收藏或者看到完整、清晰的该影片，也不是一件容易的事。只有象“亚马逊”美洲站等极个别网站上，有人出售该影片的DVD或VHS。而其他压缩视频格式，搜索几乎找遍国内外网站，都是收效甚微。 发布的此版本为FLV格式，来源于国外某网站，这个也许是目前所能找到的、唯一能够“免费享用”的视频版本（搜索发现：有网友曾经发布过一个252MB的AVI版本，但遗憾的是文件早已失效了）。 原文件为多个FLV片段，因此将其全部无损合并成一个FLV。因是从视频网站下载，所以影片清晰度较一般，且有水印，请大家斟酌下载！ 另外一个重要的问题：影片为英语解说，且无任何字幕。 内容截图：  网盘下载 |
| 地区: 美国 |
| 对白语言: 英语 |
| 中文名: 认识你的敌人：日本 |